Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

11.7K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
11.7K
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

2.1K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.1K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.5K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.5K
Personal Choice and Fate Attributions01:19

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

175
Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
175
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.4K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

7.4K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
7.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Laminar Organization of a Decision Circuit in Orbitofrontal Cortex is Agnostic to the Variable Encoding Scheme.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Commonality and Variability in Functional Networks in Children Under 5 Years Old.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A neural circuit framework for economic choice: From building blocks of valuation to compositionality in multitasking.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision-making.

eLife·2026
Same author

Precision functional mapping of the individual human brain near birth.

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same author

Comparative Evaluation of Assumption Lean Community Detection Methods for Human Connectome Networks.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Cortical and thalamic afferent connectomes distinguish ACC subregions of the macaque brain.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The synaptic vesicle priming protein Munc13 mediates evoked somatodendritic dopamine release.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Speakers with cerebellar ataxia do not adapt speech segment durations in response to durationally altered auditory feedback.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The precision of hippocampal representations predicts incremental value-learning across the adult lifespan.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
10:51

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

21.8K

Neuronal Activity in Orbitofrontal Cortex during Trinary Choices under Risk.

Miguel Barretto-Garcia1, Jiaxin Cindy Tu1, Camillo Padoa-Schioppa2,3,4

  • 1Departments of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) processes subjective values for economic choices, even with multiple options. Neuronal activity in the OFC reflects risk preference and decision variables, supporting rational choice theory.

Keywords:
decision-makingdecoy effectsindependence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA)menu invarianceneuroeconomicsnonhuman primatesrationalityrisk attitudesubjective value

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.3K
Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects
08:24

Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects

Published on: May 14, 2008

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
10:51

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

21.8K
Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.3K
Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects
08:24

Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects

Published on: May 14, 2008

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in economic decision-making, particularly in computing and comparing subjective values.
  • Previous research primarily focused on binary choices, leaving the neural mechanisms for multinary choices less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents subjective values during multinary economic choices.
  • To determine if OFC neural activity supports rational choice principles like the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) in complex scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings from the OFC of rhesus monkeys performing trinary choice tasks.
  • Offers varied in juice flavor, quantity, and probability, with continuous variation in quantity and probability.

Main Results:

  • Monkeys exhibited risk-seeking behavior and choices satisfied the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA).
  • Distinct neuronal populations in the OFC encoded offer values, choice outcomes, chosen values, chosen probabilities, and chosen hemifields.
  • OFC neuronal activity reflected subjective value, risk attitude, and decision variables, remaining invariant to changes in menu size, thus implying IIA.

Conclusions:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a crucial role in multinary economic choices, processing subjective values similarly to binary choices.
  • OFC neural representations support rational economic behavior, including the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA), even when faced with complex, multi-attribute options.