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Circadian Timing Moderates Diurnal Positive Affect Rhythms in Adolescents.

Riya Mirchandaney1, Delainey L Wescott2, Margaret C Kuzemchak2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Adolescents with later circadian timing experience a delayed peak in positive affect. This delay in positive affect rhythms may impact behavioral activation and mood during adolescence.

Keywords:
adolescentschronotypecircadian rhythmscircadian timingdiurnal rhythmsmoodpositive affect

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent psychology
  • Chronobiology
  • Affective neuroscience

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms influence affect in adults, with variations based on individual circadian preferences.
  • Previous research indicates diurnal rhythms in positive affect, but less is known about these rhythms in adolescents, particularly concerning their relationship with objective circadian timing measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between diurnal affect rhythms and multiple measures of circadian timing in adolescents.
  • To explore weekday-weekend differences in positive affect rhythms among adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed data from 126 high-school adolescents (mean age 17.3 years).
  • Cosinor models were used to assess diurnal rhythms in positive and negative affect.
  • Circadian timing was measured using circadian preference, chronotype, actigraphy-based midsleep, and dim light melatonin onset.

Main Results:

  • Robust diurnal rhythms were found in positive affect, with an overall acrophase at 3:39 PM.
  • Later circadian timing (circadian preference, chronotype, actigraphy midsleep) was associated with a later acrophase in positive affect.
  • No significant association was found between dim light melatonin onset and positive affect rhythms.
  • Adolescents exhibited higher positive affect mesor and lower amplitude on weekends compared to weekdays.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents with later sleep and circadian timing experience a delayed peak in positive affect.
  • These findings highlight the importance of sleep and circadian factors in adolescent affective processes.
  • Delayed positive affect rhythms may have implications for behavioral activation and mood regulation in adolescents.