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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Multicomponent Reactions Involving Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Isocyanides.

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This review explores using carbon dioxide (CO2) in multicomponent reactions with isocyanides. These methods efficiently create valuable nitrogen-containing chemicals and heterocyclic structures, advancing sustainable synthesis.

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N‐heterocyclicsC1 synthoncarbon dioxideisocyanidesmulticomponent reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Sustainable Synthesis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an abundant, renewable C1 source.
  • Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer efficient synthetic routes.
  • Valorization of carbon resources is crucial for sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in CO2-involved MCRs with isocyanides.
  • To highlight innovative methodologies for CO2 utilization.
  • To showcase the synthesis of valuable chemicals and materials.

Main Methods:

  • In situ generation of carbonate intermediates in Ugi and Passerini reactions.
  • Transition-metal-catalyzed direct CO2 incorporation into isocyanides.
  • Subsequent cyclization with various organic building blocks.

Main Results:

  • Efficient synthesis of nitrogen-containing fine chemicals.
  • Access to privileged heterocyclic structures (e.g., quinazolinediones, phthalimides).
  • Development of functional polymeric materials.
  • Mechanistic insights into CO2 participation in amphiphilic systems.

Conclusions:

  • CO2 can be effectively utilized as a C1 synthon in MCRs.
  • These methods offer sustainable pathways to complex molecules.
  • Potential applications in drug discovery and materials science.