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Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool in pathology
Divya Jayagopal1, Kantharaju K H2, Himanshu Shekhar3
1Department of Pathology, ACS Medical College, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Bioinformation
|February 2, 2026
Summary
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital pathology tool for visualizing antigens in patient tissues using labeled antibodies. Advances in IHC enhance tumor classification, pathogen identification, and targeted therapy administration.
Area of Science:
- Pathology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) visualizes antigens in patient tissue specimens using labeled antibodies.
- It aids in tumor classification, pathogen identification, and prognostic marker discovery, especially when morphological assessment is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the significance of immunohistochemistry in clinical pathology.
- To discuss the evolution and impact of IHC in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Utilizes labeled antibodies directed against specific antigens in tissue samples.
- Employs routine IHC techniques, monoclonal antibodies, and automated stainers for enhanced sensitivity and specificity.
Main Results:
- Routine IHC improves tumor classification, metastasis origin determination, and targeted therapy administration.
- Monoclonal antibodies and automated stainers increase antigen detection sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusions:
- Immunohistochemistry is indispensable for modern clinical pathology, particularly in oncology.
- Ongoing innovations in IHC, including new biomarkers and multiplexing, continue to advance diagnostic capabilities.
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