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  1. Home
  3. Pretending Not To Know Reveals A Capacity For Model-based Self-simulation.
  1. Home
  3. Pretending Not To Know Reveals A Capacity For Model-based Self-simulation.

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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
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Pretending Not to Know Reveals a Capacity for Model-Based Self-Simulation.

Matan Mazor1, Chaz Firestone2, Ian Phillips2

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology and All Souls College, University of Oxford.

Psychological Science
|February 3, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People can convincingly pretend to lack knowledge by simulating how they would decide without it. This study shows individuals accurately mimic genuine decision-making, revealing insights into cognitive self-simulation.

Keywords:
metacognitionpretensetheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Pretending ignorance involves simulating decision-making under counterfactual conditions.
  • Understanding this capacity sheds light on metacognitive processes and self-simulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the human ability to simulate decision-making while pretending to lack specific knowledge.
  • To analyze the accuracy and characteristics of such simulated decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Two game-based experiments were conducted with 1,001 English-speaking adults.
  • Participants were shown game solutions but instructed to play as if they were unaware.
  • Behavioral data (guesses, decision time) were collected and analyzed using statistical and computational modeling.

Main Results:

  • Pretenders accurately mimicked general aspects of genuine play, including solution time and patterns related to uncertainty.
  • Decision uncertainty influenced decision time similarly in both genuine and pretended ignorance conditions.
  • While peers could not detect pretense, statistical analysis revealed subtle "overacting" in pretenders' decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals possess a capacity for simulating decision-making under counterfactual ignorance.
  • This simulation involves a schematic, simplified internal model of cognition.
  • The findings offer a novel approach to studying self-simulation and metacognitive knowledge.