Non-Neoplastic Disorders Mimicking Anterior Uveitis

Anterior uveitis, in which the anterior chamber is the primary site of inflammation, is the most frequently encountered form of uveitis. However, several non-neoplastic entities can closely mimic its clinical presentation, posing significant diagnostic challenges. This narrative review focuses on these non-malignant conditions that simulate anterior uveitis and may mislead clinicians in routine practice. Differentiating true inflammatory cells from pigment granules in the anterior chamber can be difficult, often leading to misdiagnosis. Disorders such as Bilateral Acute Iris Depigmentation (BADI) and Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination (BAIT) may present with similar findings and must be evaluated carefully. Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS) represents another important mimic, manifesting as acute sterile inflammation with corneal edema. Additionally, Retinitis Pigmentosa and old retinal detachment may present with anterior uveitis-like features, further complicating diagnosis. Like malignant masquerades, these non-neoplastic entities demand a high index of suspicion. A meticulous ocular examination, aided by ancillary investigations, when necessary, is vital for accurate differentiation. Recognizing these mimickers is essential to avoid inappropriate anti-inflammatory therapy and ensure appropriate management.