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Behavioral interventions for tic disorders.

Michael B Himle1, Marika Marklin1, Brianna Wellen2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|February 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral therapies like habit reversal training (HRT) and comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) are effective for tic disorders (TD). Despite proven efficacy, access to these crucial behavioral interventions for TD remains limited.

Keywords:
Behavior therapyComprehensive behavioral intervention for ticsExposure and response preventionHabit reversal training

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Tic disorders (TD) are increasingly managed with behavioral interventions.
  • These therapies are recommended as alternatives or adjuncts to medication.
  • The behavioral model views tics as modifiable behaviors influenced by context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the behavioral model of TD.
  • To outline core components of HRT, CBIT, and ERP for TD.
  • To discuss evidence, address concerns, and explore access issues for behavioral TD treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence-based behavioral interventions for TD.
  • Analysis of the behavioral model of TD.
  • Discussion of HRT, CBIT, and adapted ERP components.
  • Examination of professional and patient concerns regarding behavioral interventions.

Main Results:

  • HRT, CBIT, and adapted ERP are the most empirically supported behavioral interventions for TD.
  • These methods involve volitional tic suppression and environmental modification.
  • Evidence supports their efficacy, yet access remains a significant barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral interventions are vital for managing TD.
  • Addressing misconceptions and improving access are critical for wider adoption.
  • Future research should focus on dissemination and implementation strategies.