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[Obstructive sleep apnoea in children with Down s syndrome: challenges and treatment strategies]

N Zhou1, J P T F Ho2, M A J van Looij3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Tandheelkunde
|February 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with Down syndrome face significant challenges with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). More research is needed to find effective treatments beyond adenotonsillectomy to improve their health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a major health concern in children with Down syndrome.
  • Unique anatomical and physiological factors contribute to high OSA prevalence in this population.
  • Children with Down syndrome are especially vulnerable to OSA's adverse health effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of obstructive sleep apnoea in children with Down syndrome.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of existing and emerging treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the need for further research to optimize care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obstructive sleep apnoea in children with Down syndrome.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for various interventions.
  • Identification of gaps in current evidence.

Main Results:

  • Adenotonsillectomy, a common first-line treatment, shows variable efficacy in this group.
  • Alternative treatments include CPAP, medications, and various surgical options.
  • Evidence supporting the effectiveness of current treatments in children with Down syndrome is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing obstructive sleep apnoea management in children with Down syndrome requires further investigation.
  • Enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are crucial for improving health outcomes.
  • Future research should focus on evidence-based strategies tailored to this population.

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