Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

61.3K
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
61.3K
Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

81.7K
Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
81.7K
Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

95.9K
A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
95.9K
Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

13.5K
A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
13.5K
Types of Chemical Bonds02:37

Types of Chemical Bonds

94.4K
Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
94.4K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.6K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemical Synthesis of Mirror-Image Proteins Reveals Chirality-Dependent Cellular Uptake Mediated by a Cell-Penetrating Peptide.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Discovery of ferroptosis-inducing R4VP compounds for targeting aggressive cancers.

Oncogene·2026
Same author

SpyTag/SpyCatcher-mediated protein ubiquitination to investigate 20S and 26S proteasomal degradation.

Chemical science·2025
Same author

Direct Cellular Screening of Pd-Mediated Arylation of Cyclic Peptide Binders Targeting Ubiquitin Chains: Toward Modulating NEMO Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Chemical approaches to explore ubiquitin-like proteins.

RSC chemical biology·2025
Same author

Wash-free Imaging in Live Cells.

ACS central science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
12:55

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies

Published on: November 27, 2013

11.8K

Total Chemical Synthesis of RNF4 by Sequential Native Chemical Ligation: C-To-N Versus N-To-C Strategies.

Rajesh Pallava1, Saed Bisher1, Ashraf Brik1

  • 1Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008 Haifa, Israel.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers chemically synthesized RNF4, a key E3 ubiquitin ligase, enabling studies on its role in cancer. The N-to-C ligation method proved more efficient for this complex protein synthesis.

More Related Videos

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters
09:22

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Published on: November 26, 2013

15.1K
Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
14:22

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
12:55

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies

Published on: November 27, 2013

11.8K
Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters
09:22

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Published on: November 26, 2013

15.1K
Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
14:22

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • RNF4 is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase crucial for protein degradation.
  • It targets polySUMOylated proteins for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
  • RNF4 plays a role in degrading the oncoprotein PML-RARα in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve the total chemical synthesis of RNF4.
  • To enable future studies on RNF4 structure and biological function.
  • To develop a reliable and accessible method for synthesizing large proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Total chemical synthesis of RNF4 using sequential native chemical ligation.
  • Assembly of the full-length protein from five peptide fragments utilizing nine cysteine residues.
  • Exploration of two synthetic strategies: convergent C-to-N ligation and N-to-C ligation.

Main Results:

  • The N-to-C ligation strategy proceeded efficiently without cysteine protection, simplifying the workflow.
  • This method reduced the number of purification steps compared to the C-to-N approach.
  • Successful chemical synthesis of full-length RNF4 was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • A reliable and accessible method for the complete chemical synthesis of RNF4 has been established.
  • This synthesis addresses challenges in producing large proteins.
  • The method opens new avenues for future biological research on RNF4.