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Winning the arms race: Optimizing upper extremity amputations and advancements in prosthetic technology
William Neal1, Megan R Donnelly, Omri B Ayalon
1Division of Hand Surgery, NYU Langone Health Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, NY.
Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
|February 4, 2026
Summary
Advancements in upper extremity prosthetics, including externally powered and hybrid devices, aim to restore function after limb loss. New surgical techniques like targeted muscle reinnervation offer improved control and sensation for amputees.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Historical records show continuous innovation in amputation care and prosthetics.
- World Wars accelerated the need for advanced limb loss solutions.
- Upper extremity prosthetics face greater complexity than lower extremity devices due to functional demands.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical evolution of upper extremity prostheses.
- To discuss current technological advancements in prosthetic devices.
- To explore surgical innovations addressing amputee challenges.
Main Methods:
- Historical literature review of amputation and prosthetic development.
- Analysis of technological trends in upper extremity prosthetics.
- Examination of surgical techniques like targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces.
Main Results:
- Prosthetic technology has evolved from passive to externally powered and hybrid devices.
- Despite advancements, amputees still face challenges like pain and phantom limb sensation.
- New surgical interventions show promise in improving prosthetic control and sensation.
Conclusions:
- The field of upper extremity prosthetics is rapidly advancing.
- Targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces offer novel solutions.
- An individualized approach to care is crucial for optimizing outcomes in upper extremity amputees.
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