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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

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Smart Polymer-Derived Injectable Hydrogels: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Swarup Maity1, Koushik Mahata2, Bharatbhushan Meshram1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491002, India.

ACS Polymers Au
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smart injectable hydrogels (SIHs) offer advanced control for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Future SIHs aim for improved mechanical strength, biodegradability, and scalability for clinical use.

Keywords:
biocompatible SIHsbiomedical applicationdrug deliveryin situ gelationmicrogel-based IHsnatural polymer-based SIHsself-healing hydrogelshear-thinning hydrogelsmart injectable hydrogels (SIHs)tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Injectable hydrogels (IHs) are advanced soft materials with tissue-conforming, in situ gelation, and minimally invasive properties.
  • Stimuli-responsive polymer-derived smart injectable hydrogels (SIHs) dynamically react to external triggers (temperature, pH, redox, enzymes), enabling precise spatiotemporal control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles governing the injectability and functionality of SIHs.
  • To critically analyze recent advancements in SIH biomedical applications, focusing on structure-property relationships, rheological behavior, and cross-linking mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on stimuli-responsive polymer-derived smart injectable hydrogels.
  • Analysis of cross-linking strategies, including reversible covalent and supramolecular interactions.
  • Evaluation of structure-property connections, rheological behavior, and stimuli-triggered transitions.

Main Results:

  • SIHs demonstrate significant potential in therapeutic delivery, tissue regeneration, and self-healing.
  • Recent advances in cross-linking strategies enhance SIH adaptability to physiological environments.
  • Applications span biosensing, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress, challenges like mechanical fragility, biodegradability, and cytotoxicity hinder clinical translation.
  • Emerging strategies include bioinspired polymer design, modular cross-linking, and scalable fabrication.
  • Future SIHs require integrated design principles for enhanced performance, biocompatibility, and clinical relevance.