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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

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Asymmetrically coordinated single-atom Co-N3S/C catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.

Yuzhou Tao1,2, Yang Yu1,2, Lingya Yi1,2

  • 1School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. whhu@swu.edu.cn.

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Researchers developed a novel cobalt-nitrogen-sulfur single-atom catalyst (Co-N3S/C) with asymmetric coordination. This catalyst shows excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Optimizing single-atom catalysts (SACs) is crucial for advanced electrocatalysis.
  • Controlling the coordination environment of metal centers in SACs presents a significant challenge.
  • The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is vital for energy conversion devices like zinc-air batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel single-atom catalyst with tailored asymmetric coordination.
  • To investigate the performance of the new catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction.
  • To evaluate its efficacy in a zinc-air battery system.

Main Methods:

  • A coordinative compound impregnation strategy was employed for catalyst synthesis.
  • The catalyst synthesized was a cobalt-nitrogen-sulfur single-atom catalyst supported on carbon (Co-N3S/C).
  • Electrochemical performance was tested, specifically focusing on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a zinc-air battery.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized Co-N3S/C catalyst exhibited asymmetric coordination around the cobalt atoms.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction.
  • Superior performance was observed when the catalyst was utilized in a zinc-air battery.

Conclusions:

  • A successful strategy for tailoring the coordination structure of single-atom catalysts was established.
  • The Co-N3S/C catalyst with asymmetric coordination shows great promise for electrocatalytic applications.
  • This work highlights the potential of precisely controlling coordination environments for enhanced battery performance.