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Strengthening Neonatology in Ethiopia: From Survey Data to System Improvement

Corrado Moretti1,2, Camilla Gizzi3,4, Daniele Trevisanuto5

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, corrado.moretti@fondazione.uniroma1.it.

Neonatology
|February 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Ethiopian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) face critical shortages in equipment and trained staff. Collaborative interventions improved infrastructure and training, enhancing neonatal resuscitation and respiratory care practices.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Healthcare Systems Strengthening

Background:

  • Neonatal care in low-resource settings is severely impacted by staff shortages, inadequate infrastructure, and limited essential equipment and medications.
  • These deficiencies compromise the management of common neonatal conditions and reduce the overall quality of care provided in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess resuscitation and respiratory care practices in Ethiopian NICUs through collaborative efforts.
  • To identify existing gaps in neonatal care and guide targeted interventions for improvement.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive 50-item survey was administered to 48 Ethiopian NICUs to evaluate current practices and resource availability.
  • A national workshop and a neonatal resuscitation 'Train the Trainers' course were organized, alongside facility renovations and equipment upgrades at two selected sites.

Main Results:

  • The survey highlighted significant deficiencies in essential resuscitation equipment, with limited availability of mechanical ventilators (<40%) and reliance on homemade CPAP systems.
  • Essential medications like caffeine were rarely used, and surfactant was unavailable. Facility upgrades focused on water, power, and medical gas systems.
  • A national workshop produced a prioritized document for the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), and 150 healthcare providers were trained through local resuscitation courses.

Conclusions:

  • Major gaps in neonatal care, particularly in resuscitation and respiratory support, were identified in Ethiopian NICUs.
  • Collaborative initiatives involving the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS), Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS), Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Ethiopian Paediatric Society (EPS), and FMoH successfully reinforced infrastructure and promoted better care practices.
Abstract

Keywords:
Delivery roomLow-income countriesNeonatal intensive careNewborn infantsSurvey

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