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Comparing In-Person and Online Sexual Health Education Program Delivery: Youth Perspectives and Short-Term Outcomes.

Martha J Decker¹, Abigail Gutmann-Gonzalez¹, Natasha Borgen¹

¹University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Health Promotion Practice

|February 10, 2026

Summary

Online sexual health education is a viable alternative to in-person classes, showing similar positive outcomes in knowledge and attitudes for youth. Careful planning is needed to ensure equitable access and engagement in digital formats.

Keywords:

California adolescent health education online education sexual health technology youth engagement

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Education
Adolescent Health

Background:

Group-based sexual health education can improve youth access to information.
Limited research exists on how teaching modality (online vs. in-person) affects student perceptions and outcomes in sexual health education.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the perceptions and short-term outcomes of youth participating in a comprehensive sexual health curriculum delivered either in-person or online.

Main Methods:

A total of 528 youth (aged 13-19) in Fresno County, California, were surveyed at program entry and exit.
Participants completed the 'In the Know' curriculum either in-person (n=359) or online (n=169).
Changes in sexual health knowledge, attitudes, life skills confidence, and program perceptions were compared between delivery modes.

Main Results:

Both in-person and online participants demonstrated significant improvements in sexual health knowledge, attitudes, and confidence.
Over 80% of participants found the material engaging and clear, irrespective of the delivery mode.
Online participants were less likely to reside in rural areas or group homes compared to in-person participants.

Conclusions:

Online sexual health education is a feasible and appropriate alternative to in-person programming when adequately planned and supported by trained educators.
Programs should implement strategies to mitigate participation inequities, ensure confidentiality, and enhance engagement for online delivery.
Further research should explore long-term outcomes and best practices for digital sexual health interventions.