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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
07:19

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

Published on: September 28, 2011

miRNA regulation in brain tissue space: the 3'UTR perspective.

Denise Aigner1,2, Florian Bartsch1,2,3, Poojashree Bhaskar1,2

  • 1Laboratory for Systems Biology of Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 10115 Berlin, Germany.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|February 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review explores microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) in spatial transcriptomics. Current methods cannot simultaneously quantify both, limiting our understanding of gene regulation in tissues.

Keywords:
3'UTR isoformsbrainmicroRNAsequencingspatial quantification

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene expression regulators in biological processes and diseases.
  • Their spatial and temporal expression patterns are complex within tissues.
  • 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) contain vital miRNA target sites, but their spatial variation remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, particularly in neurodevelopment and neuronal function.
  • To summarize existing methods for spatial quantification of miRNAs and 3'UTRs.
  • To identify challenges and propose future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of current experimental techniques for spatial transcriptomics.
  • Overview of computational approaches for analyzing spatial RNA data.
  • Focus on methods applicable to quantifying miRNAs and 3'UTRs simultaneously in situ.

Main Results:

  • Spatial transcriptomics enables RNA quantification at subcellular resolution.
  • No current technology allows simultaneous spatial quantification of both miRNAs and their target 3'UTRs.
  • Significant gaps exist in understanding spatial 3'UTR isoform variation and its regulatory impact.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous spatial quantification of miRNAs and 3'UTRs is a critical unmet need.
  • Further development of spatial transcriptomic tools is required to address this gap.
  • Understanding spatial miRNA-3'UTR interactions is essential for deciphering complex gene regulation in neuroscience and disease.