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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Substance Use Disorder: Health Policy Implications.

Sarah T Wieman1, David Eddie2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA.

Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|February 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) offers a promising approach to complement substance use disorder (SUD) treatments by targeting physiological deficits. Further research is essential to confirm its effectiveness in supporting long-term SUD recovery.

Keywords:
6 breaths per minute breathingaffect and behavior regulationautonomic nervous systemheart rate variability biofeedbacksubstance use disorder recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Substance use disorder (SUD) is characterized by relapse, often driven by physiological processes interacting with affective states and environmental cues.
  • Current SUD treatments focus on cognitive and affective control but do not directly address underlying physiological vulnerabilities.
  • Automatic physiological dysregulation in SUD compromises effortful self-control, hindering recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) as a complementary intervention for SUD.
  • To highlight HRVB's potential to directly target physiological deficits in SUD.
  • To discuss the evolution of HRVB into an ambulatory intervention with just-in-time support capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • HRVB utilizes rhythmic breathing exercises to enhance physiological self-regulation.
  • The intervention has transitioned from clinic-based to ambulatory settings using wearable biosensors and smartphone applications.
  • Evidence supporting HRVB efficacy in SUD is emerging.

Main Results:

  • HRVB directly addresses physiological deficits that interact with affective states and environmental triggers in SUD.
  • Ambulatory HRVB offers potential for just-in-time support in self-regulation.
  • Existing evidence suggests HRVB's efficacy in supporting SUD treatment.

Conclusions:

  • HRVB is a promising adjunctive therapy for substance use disorder.
  • Further research is needed to fully establish HRVB's role in SUD recovery and inform policy.
  • The development of ambulatory HRVB enhances its accessibility and potential for continuous support.