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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

283
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
283
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

293
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
293
Language01:16

Language

174
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
174
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

36
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
36
Family Therapy01:30

Family Therapy

25
Family therapy conceptualizes psychological challenges as arising from dysfunctional interactions within the family unit, rather than as isolated issues within individuals. This approach seeks to address and transform the patterns of communication, roles, and relationships within families to promote healthier dynamics and emotional well-being for all members.
Strategic Family Therapy
Strategic family therapy emphasizes resolving communication barriers and improving problem-solving abilities...
25
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

24
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

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Supporting Early Language by Supporting Systemic Solutions.

Elika Bergelson1

  • 1Psychology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|May 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research links home language input to early language skills, with some ties to socioeconomic status (SES). System-level interventions show more promise than direct parent language coaching for improving child language outcomes.

Keywords:
child outcomesearly childhood policylanguage developmentsocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Extensive research demonstrates a correlation between home language input and early language development in infants and toddlers.
  • Socioeconomic status (SES) influences certain aspects of caretaker language input and early language skills, but the relationship is complex and not fully understood.
  • Establishing causal links between language input, language skills, and SES is challenging due to the multifaceted nature of language acquisition and use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the complex relationship between home language environment, early language skills, and socioeconomic status.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different intervention strategies targeting language development in young children.
  • To identify more promising systemic approaches for supporting families and enhancing child language outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on home language input, early language skills, and socioeconomic disparities.
  • Analysis of intervention studies focusing on parental language use and system-level changes.
  • Exploration of the indirect effects of socioeconomic factors on child development.

Main Results:

  • Interventions directly targeting parental language use ('language infusions') have yielded inconsistent results.
  • These direct interventions often do not address the broader socioeconomic challenges faced by underresourced families.
  • Parental language may not be the most effective or sole target for intervention.

Conclusions:

  • System-level interventions, such as paid parental leave and enhanced childcare/early education, offer greater potential for positive family and child outcomes.
  • These broader approaches can create supportive environments that indirectly foster linguistic development.
  • Addressing systemic factors is crucial for improving early language skills and overall child well-being.