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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.4K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.1K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Tissue phase transitions in development: more than just mechanics.

Laura Rustarazo-Calvo1,2, Karen Grace Soans1, Nicoletta I Petridou1

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|February 12, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic tissue phase transitions, driven by internal cues, actively shape development. These transitions integrate mechanics and signaling, ensuring precise and robust pattern formation from molecular to tissue levels.

Keywords:
EmbryogenesisFeedbackMechanochemical signallingMorphogenesisPhase transitions

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tissue morphogenesis relies on dynamic deformability patterns.
  • Material phase transitions occur at critical changes in cell properties (control parameters).
  • Unlike passive transitions in non-living matter, tissue transitions are actively driven by internal biological cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the roles of embryonic tissue phase transitions in development.
  • To investigate the link between tissue mechanics, mechanochemical signaling, and pattern formation.
  • To understand how these transitions regulate growth and cell fate specification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tissue mechanics and developmental biology.
  • Analysis of canonical (mechanics-centered) and non-canonical (beyond mechanics) roles.
  • Integration of concepts from material science and developmental signaling.

Main Results:

  • Embryonic tissue phase transitions actively regulate deformability and integrate mechanical changes with signaling pathways.
  • These transitions instruct the formation of complex, self-organized, and adaptive spatiotemporal patterns.
  • Phase transitions couple molecular, cellular, and tissue-level processes for developmental precision.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic tissue phase transitions are a key strategy for spatiotemporal coupling in developing systems.
  • They facilitate developmental robustness and precision by integrating diverse biological processes.
  • These transitions play crucial roles in growth control and cell fate specification during embryogenesis.