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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Eating habits are crucial for cardiometabolic health, complementing traditional dietary assessments.
  • The relationship between dietary patterns, body composition, and preferences for heart-healthy foods is not well understood in large populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between distinct dietary profiles, body composition metrics, and preferences for heart-healthy foods.
  • To explore how eating behaviors relate to body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and waist circumference.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 2461 adults (18-75 years) using an online survey on eating behaviors and lifestyle.
  • Principal component analysis (PCA) identified four dietary profiles: structured, social, irregular, and disordered eaters.
  • A heart-healthy diet score was calculated, and associations between profiles, body composition, and diet score were analyzed using ANOVA and regression.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct dietary profiles were identified.
  • Structured eaters exhibited the lowest BMI, fat mass, and highest heart-healthy diet score.
  • Disordered eaters had the highest BMI and fat mass, and the lowest diet score, with a dose-response relationship observed between disordered eating and adverse outcomes (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Dietary profiles are linked to body composition and preferences for cardioprotective foods.
  • Assessing eating behaviors can improve cardiometabolic risk identification.
  • Personalized nutrition approaches can be developed based on individual dietary patterns.