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Updated: Feb 14, 2026
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Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation
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Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles: Promises and Pitfalls
Dragan Primorac1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, Petar Brlek1,2,3,12, Luka Bulić1,2,3
1St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles mediating cell communication and show promise in diagnostics and therapeutics. Overcoming production and standardization challenges is key to their clinical translation for personalized medicine.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Nanotechnology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles mediating intercellular communication.
- Current classification follows MISEV2023 guidelines based on physical properties and molecular composition.
- EVs offer biocompatibility, stability, and cargo capacity for diagnostics and therapeutics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the emerging roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various medical fields.
- To highlight their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
- To discuss challenges hindering clinical translation.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of current literature on EVs in medicine.
- Discussion of applications in obstetrics, gynecology, oncology, neurology, and other specialties.
- Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic potential, including exosomes as nanocarriers.
Main Results:
- EVs show potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis across multiple medical disciplines.
- EVs serve as carriers for targeted drug delivery and regenerative treatments.
- Exosomes are highlighted as versatile nanocarriers for precision medicine.
Conclusions:
- EVs hold significant promise for diagnostics and therapeutics in personalized healthcare.
- Standardization of isolation, characterization, production, and regulatory approval are critical hurdles.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical testing are essential for realizing the full potential of EVs.
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