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Pathogen-Induced Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization: A Critical Interface Between Host Defense and Cell Death
1State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Pathogen infection triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), releasing contents that cause cell death. This review explores LMP
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
- Pathogen-Host Interactions
Background:
- Lysosomes are crucial for host defense and pathogen evasion.
- Pathogens exploit lysosomes, leading to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP).
- LMP releases lysosomal contents, triggering various cell death pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding lysosomal membrane stability.
- To discuss methods for detecting LMP.
- To summarize pathogen-induced LMP mechanisms and consequences.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pathogen-induced LMP.
- Analysis of cell-death pathways activated by LMP.
- Discussion of lysosomal membrane stability determinants.
Main Results:
- Pathogen-induced LMP activates apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis.
- LMP can limit pathogen spread but also cause inflammation and tissue damage.
- Lysosomal factors released during LMP play a key role in cell fate.
Conclusions:
- Pathogen-induced LMP is a critical host-pathogen interaction.
- Understanding LMP is vital for developing new therapeutic strategies.
- LMP-driven cell death has dual roles in infection outcomes.
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