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Related Concept Videos

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

34.2K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
34.2K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

36.2K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
36.2K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.6K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.6K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.4K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K

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High-Speed Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Microscopy for Histological Imaging with Virtual-Staining assisted by Deep Learning
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Deep learning-assisted double strong coupling between multi-order anapoles and excitons.

Ziqiao Liu, Yang Liao, Yuan Liu

    Optics Letters
    |February 13, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study demonstrates simultaneous excitation of first- and second-order anapoles in a novel stacked nanodisk system. This enables double strong coupling with multiple excitons, opening new avenues for light-matter interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nanophotonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • High-order anapoles offer concentrated energy and narrow resonances, ideal for nonlinear optics and strong coupling.
    • Simultaneous strong coupling involving multi-order anapoles remains underexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically construct a hybrid system enabling simultaneous excitation and coupling of multi-order anapoles with multiple excitons.
    • To investigate double strong coupling behaviors and quantify energy splitting.

    Main Methods:

    • A three-layer stacked hybrid system comprising Si, MoSe2, and MoTe2 nanodisks was theoretically designed.
    • Deep learning (DL) was employed to construct the neural network for system analysis.
    • Simultaneous excitation of first- and second-order anapoles and their coupling with material excitons were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • The system successfully excited first-order and second-order anapoles simultaneously.
    • Double strong coupling was achieved: first-order anapole with MoTe2 excitons and second-order anapole with MoSe2 excitons.
    • Four energy branches were observed with substantial Rabi splitting (100.6 meV and 118.2 meV).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed hybrid system effectively facilitates light-matter interactions involving multi-order anapoles and multiple excitons.
    • This work provides a new platform for exploring advanced quantum optical phenomena.