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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Anxiety-Free Public Dentistry for Adults With Disabilities by Using Head-Mounted Virtual Reality Technology: Protocol

Dung T Bui1,2, Fiona McAlinden1, Alice Urban3

  • 1School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.

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Summary

This study explores using virtual reality (VR) to reduce dental anxiety for adults with disabilities in public clinics. Findings will guide integrating VR into dental services for better oral health equity.

Keywords:
dental anxiety reductiondentistrydisabilityfeasibilityinclusive health careinnovationoral healthvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Digital Health
  • Dental Public Health

Background:

  • Oral diseases are a global concern, with adults with disabilities facing significant barriers to dental care.
  • These barriers include physical access, communication issues, and anxiety, leading to poorer oral health outcomes.
  • Virtual reality (VR) shows potential for reducing anxiety in pediatric and private dental settings, but its use in public adult dentistry for people with disabilities is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of the Smileyscope VR headset in public dental clinics.
  • To evaluate VR's effectiveness in reducing dental anxiety among adults with disabilities.
  • To enhance the dental care experience for this population.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods convergent design involving 50 adult patients and 10 dental staff across Victorian community dental sites.
  • Quantitative data collection via visual analog scale, System Usability Scale (SUS), and technology acceptance model questionnaire.
  • Qualitative data from semistructured interviews, thematically analyzed. Co-design with a disability advocate ensures lived experience integration.

Main Results:

  • The study is funded and has ethics approval, with data collection planned from October 2025 to March 2026.
  • Primary feasibility indicators include recruitment rate (≥60%), completion rate (≥80% SUS), and usability threshold (mean SUS ≥68).
  • Descriptive analysis with 95% CIs will be reported. Primary feasibility estimates and qualitative themes are expected for publication mid-2026.

Conclusions:

  • This feasibility study protocol will inform scalable models for integrating VR into public dental services.
  • Findings aim to improve oral health equity and patient-centered care.
  • The study advances evidence for inclusive digital health innovation in dentistry.