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Published on: November 11, 2013
Rapid response of the thermoelectric active battery thermal management system assisted with phase change materials
Zihao Wu1, Ding Luo1, Peng Zhang1
1Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Transportation Energy and Automotive Energy Saving, Chang'an University, China.
Introduction:
Efficient thermal regulation is critical for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems; however, conventional battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) often fail to ensure rapid response and stable temperature control under dynamic operating conditions.
Objectives:
This study aims to develop a high-performance hybrid BTMS that couples thermoelectric coolers (TECs) with PCMs and to investigate its transient thermal response, synergistic cooling mechanism, and optimization potential under realistic, time-varying battery heat generation.
Methods:
A three-dimensional multi-physics transient numerical model was established, incorporating thermoelectric conversion, PCM phase change behavior, fluid-solid coupled heat transfer, and dynamic battery heat generation characteristics under WLTP conditions. Comparative analyses were conducted among three systems: (1) TEC-PCM hybrid BTMS, (2) liquid cooling + PCM BTMS, and (3) PCM-only BTMS. The effects of PCM type and TEC operating current were also evaluated to determine optimal system configurations.
Results:
The TEC-PCM hybrid BTMS exhibited the best thermal control, maintaining the battery temperature below 312.23 K with a maximum temperature difference of only 3.67 K, extending PCM operation up to 5400 s. A strong synergistic effect between TEC and PCM was observed: TECs provided rapid active cooling under high loads and facilitated PCM latent heat recovery during low loads. Optimization revealed that combining PCM 3 (high latent heat) with a TEC current of 0.9 A achieved the most efficient performance, with a maximum temperature of 311.31 K, a maximum temperature difference of 3.66 K, and a PCM liquid fraction of 0.985.
Conclusion:
The proposed TEC-PCM hybrid BTMS effectively addresses the limitations of conventional systems by combining fast thermoelectric response and high-capacity latent heat buffering. Its robust transient regulation and optimization potential make it a promising solution for next-generation electric vehicle battery cooling and energy storage applications.
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