Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans
Published on: June 9, 2018
Acquired and Degenerative Conditions of the Cervical Vertebral Column in Horses
Svea Schmidt1, Jan Hein Swagemakers1, Sarah S le Jeune2
1Tierklinik Luesche, Essener Straße 39a, Bakum 49456, Germany.
Abstract:
The cervical vertebral column in horses plays a crucial role in movement, posture, and performance and disorders affecting it can cause pain, ataxia, or lameness. This review discusses major acquired (traumatic, infectious, neoplastic) and degenerative (osteoarthritis, foraminal stenosis, intervertebral disc disease) conditions. Acquired lesions often arise from trauma, bacterial infection, or neoplasia, with clinical signs ranging from neck pain to neurologic deficits. Degenerative disorders, particularly osteoarthritis of articular process joints, are common in the caudal cervical spine and may lead to spinal cord or nerve root compression.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions
Types Of Column Chromatography
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...
Principles Of Column Chromatography

