Aging With Cystic Fibrosis: Endocrine and Metabolic Considerations

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has transitioned from a disease predominantly affecting the pediatric population to a chronic disease of adulthood. As patients with CF continue to prolong their survival with CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy, there has become increased relevance of age-related endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications. Endocrinopathies in this population include but are not limited to diabetes, bone disease, menopause, and obesity. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on these endocrine and metabolic complications, emphasizing the importance of early screening, multidisciplinary management, and continued efforts to address the evolving health and quality-of-life needs of an aging CF population including the need for CF-specific population based studies to adapt current clinical practice guidelines that remain targeted towards the general population.