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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

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When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
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Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

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Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular velocity...
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Pressure of Fluids01:14

Pressure of Fluids

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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning
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High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning

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Design and Performance of a Novel Scalable Core-Sheath Inverted Nozzle Soft Material Pressure Spinner.

Hettiyahandi Binodh De Silva1, Angelo Delbusso1, Yanqi Dai1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.

ACS Polymers Au
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Core-sheathed inverted nozzle pressurized gyration (CsINPG) is a new method for creating core-sheathed microfibers. This gas-assisted spinning process enables large-scale production of uniform fibers with diameters under 10 micrometers.

Keywords:
alginatebiopolymerscore−sheathed fiberscore−sheathed inverted nozzle pressurized gyrationnatural polymersspinningsustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional fiber manufacturing methods often struggle with scalability and uniformity for complex structures.
  • There is a growing need for efficient processes to produce core-sheathed micro-- and nanofibers.
  • Existing technologies may not effectively utilize "green polymers" or achieve precise control over fiber morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and detail the novel Core-sheathed Inverted Nozzle Pressurized Gyration (CsINPG) process.
  • To investigate the design of the CsINPG spinning vessel and its impact on fiber formation.
  • To optimize process parameters for controlled production of core-sheathed microfibers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a CsINPG apparatus featuring a polycarbonate spinning vessel with a unique nozzle arrangement.
  • Utilizing combined centrifugal force (from vessel rotation) and pressure differentials (nitrogen flow) to eject and stretch polymer feedstock.
  • Implementing an "inverted" horizontal axis configuration for controlled jet streaming into a water bath, enabling the use of water-soluble polymers.

Main Results:

  • The CsINPG process successfully produced core-sheathed microfibers with high uniformity.
  • Optimized parameters resulted in fibers with average diameters less than 10 micrometers.
  • The horizontal axis and water bath facilitated the processing of "green polymers" like alginate and cellulose.

Conclusions:

  • The CsINPG process represents a significant advancement in large-scale core-sheathed microfiber manufacturing.
  • The developed apparatus and optimized parameters allow for precise control over fiber dimensions and structure.
  • This technology holds potential for diverse applications utilizing eco-friendly polymeric materials.