[Basics and Applications of Neuromonitoring Required for Neuroendovascular Therapy]

Rapid advances in catheter technologies, devices, and imaging techniques have broadened the range of cerebrovascular disorders that can be treated with neuroendovascular therapy. The indications for treating cerebral aneurysms have expanded with the introduction of distal access catheters, trans-radial devices, and innovations such as neck-bridge stents, flow diverters, and intrasaccular devices. Although these developments have increased therapeutic options, they have also introduced new complications and clinical challenges. Neurophysiological monitoring has long been used in cerebrovascular and intracranial tumor surgery to detect motor, sensory, and visual dysfunction. More recently, its application to neuroendovascular procedures has enabled real-time assessment of brain function during the procedure. Growing evidence indicates that such monitoring may help prevent neurological injury and improve outcomes. This article summarizes current knowledge and emerging challenges in neurophysiological monitoring for neuroendovascular therapy, with emphasis on cerebral aneurysm embolization.