Recent Advances in Medical Oncology for Exotic Animal Species

This article highlights recent advancements in veterinary medical oncology for exotic species, including targeted therapies like receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, novel chemotherapeutics including rabacfosadine and verdinexor, and targeted immunotherapies such as anti-tumor vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors. Emerging treatments like electrochemotherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and metronomic chemotherapy offer minimally invasive options tailored to species-specific needs. Despite limited data in companion exotic species, these innovations show promise for improving outcomes and preserving quality of life. However, species-specific pharmacokinetics and physiology necessitate cautious extrapolation from small animals and humans, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize oncologic care in diverse exotic species.