Recent Advances in Surgical and Radiation Oncology in Exotic Animal Species

Recent advances in surgical and radiation oncology are improving neoplastic disease management in exotic and zoological species. Innovations such as three-dimensional printing for customized prostheses, intraoperative margin assessment techniques like frozen section analysis and optical coherence tomography, and advanced radiation therapies, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy, enable precise, tissue-sparing treatments. The use of sentinel lymph node mapping and cryotherapy are discussed. While most evidence stems from small animal studies, these technologies show promise for improving outcomes in exotic pets, emphasizing the need for species-specific research to optimize oncologic care across diverse taxa.