Food Insecurity in Families With Children or Young People With Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Family Studies

Background:

• Food insecurity is a significant concern for families of children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC).
• Existing research lacks a synthesized understanding of its prevalence and impact within this population.
• Limited evidence necessitates a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence and impact of food insecurity in families of children and young people with ASC.
• To identify factors contributing to food insecurity in these households.
• To inform policy and support systems for neurodiverse families.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across nine databases.
• Eleven studies meeting inclusion criteria (autistic individuals under 25 and focus on food insecurity) were critically appraised.
• Data were synthesized using narrative and meta-analytic approaches.

Main Results:

• A pooled prevalence of food insecurity was estimated at 29% (adjusted for bias: 31%) among families of children with ASC.
• Food insecurity worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing caregiver stress and disrupting eating behaviors.
• Complex social, economic, and behavioral challenges contribute to food insecurity in autistic households.

Conclusions:

• High prevalence of food insecurity necessitates tailored policy responses beyond financial aid.
• Support systems must address specific sensory, behavioral, and nutritional needs of autistic individuals.
• Future research should focus on standardized measures and inclusive, co-designed food support systems.