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Interlayer Covalent Reinforcement-Enabled Lattice Reprogramming for Durable Capacitive Deionization.

Zewei Hao1,2, Jiabin Chen1,3,4, Qipeng Zhao1,4

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Engineered molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) electrodes achieve ultrahigh salt removal capacity for capacitive deionization (CDI). This breakthrough enhances desalination performance and stability, overcoming key limitations in current technologies.

Keywords:
2D materialscapacitive deionizationelectron transferenvironmental chemistrytargeted ligand intercalation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising low-energy desalination method.
  • Current CDI electrodes, including molybdenum sulfide (MoS2), face challenges with ion storage capacity and long-term durability.
  • There is a critical need for advanced electrode materials to improve CDI efficiency and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI).
  • To enhance the ion storage capacity and stability of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) electrodes.
  • To establish a generalizable strategy for improving two-dimensional (2D) materials in CDI applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a covalent interlayer engineering strategy for layered molybdenum sulfide (MoS2).
  • Intercalated butane-1,4-diol to form rigid covalent linkages and expand interlayer spacing.
  • Induced local 2H-to-1T lattice reconstruction in MoS2 structure.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultrahigh salt removal capacity of 77.4 mg g⁻¹, over threefold higher than pristine MoS2.
  • Demonstrated exceptional electrode stability with no measurable decay over 50 cycles.
  • Engineered MoS2 outperformed state-of-the-art 2D electrodes in scalable brine treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Covalently supported interlayer engineering transforms MoS2 into a high-capacity, stable CDI electrode.
  • The strategy resolves the performance-stability paradox in CDI, advancing practical desalination.
  • This approach provides a generalized paradigm for reinforcing 2D materials for energy and environmental applications.