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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Revisiting Hydrogen Sorption-Desorption in Natural Rocks.

Mohammad Masoudi1,2, Ariel G Meyra3,4, Mohammad Nooraiepour2

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Hydrogen sorption and desorption in rocks is key for subsurface applications. This review synthesizes studies to clarify hydrogen behavior and its impact on geological storage and transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Energy Science

Background:

  • Hydrogen sorption/desorption in rocks is crucial for subsurface energy and environmental applications.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for applications like underground hydrogen storage and radioactive waste containment.
  • Current knowledge on how these physical interactions affect hydrogen behavior in geological materials is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental and theoretical studies on hydrogen sorption and desorption in natural rocks.
  • To evaluate sorption capacities, influencing parameters, and hysteresis across different lithologies.
  • To identify the best-fitting isotherm models for hydrogen sorption data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and theoretical studies.
  • Atomistic simulations and isotherm modeling.
  • Data analysis of sorption capacities, influencing parameters, and hysteresis.
  • Modeling of available data using multiple isotherm models.

Main Results:

  • Sorption capacities vary significantly across different rock types (lithologies).
  • Key parameters influencing sorption and desorption, along with hysteresis, were identified.
  • The study identified the most suitable isotherm models for describing hydrogen sorption data.
  • The review delineates conditions where physical sorption-desorption is significant versus negligible.

Conclusions:

  • Physical sorption-desorption plays a critical role in hydrogen transport and retention in specific geological settings.
  • Understanding these processes is essential for effective hydrogen storage, exploration, and waste containment.
  • Identified data gaps and proposed future research directions to improve hydrogen behavior understanding in geological formations.