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Schiff Base-Derived Colorimetric Chemosensor for Fe3+ Detection: Synthesis, Mechanistic Insights, and Real-World
Shahad Ayed Alahmady1, Syed Nazreen1, Ali Q Alorabi1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65779, Saudi Arabia, bu.edu.sa.
International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
|February 25, 2026
Summary
A new Schiff base sensor (H2L) selectively detects Fe3+ in water, changing color from yellow to black. This sensor offers a low detection limit and practical application for environmental monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Accurate detection of iron(III) ions (Fe3+) is crucial for environmental and biological monitoring.
- Existing methods for Fe3+ detection can be complex or lack selectivity.
- Schiff base complexes offer potential as sensitive chemosensors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel Schiff base colorimetric chemosensor (H2L) for selective Fe3+ detection.
- To evaluate the sensor's performance in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and stoichiometry.
- To assess the practical applicability of the sensor for real-world water sample analysis.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of the Schiff base ligand (H2L) from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and anthranilic acid.
- Colorimetric detection of Fe3+ using UV-Vis spectroscopy in a DMF:H2O medium.
- Job's plot analysis to determine binding stoichiometry.
- Spike-recovery experiments for validation in real water samples.
- Paper-strip assay for rapid on-site screening with smartphone image analysis.
Main Results:
- The H2L sensor exhibited a distinct color change from yellow to black upon binding with Fe3+.
- Selective detection of Fe3+ was achieved in the presence of common interfering cations.
- A 1:1 binding stoichiometry and an association constant of 2.87 × 10^4 M^-1 were determined.
- A low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.71 μM was achieved via UV-Vis titration.
- High recovery rates (91.04%-100.94%) confirmed practical applicability in real water samples.
- The paper-strip assay demonstrated an LOD of 50.7 μM for rapid screening.
Conclusions:
- The synthesized Schiff base (H2L) functions as a simple, selective, and sensitive colorimetric chemosensor for Fe3+ detection.
- The sensor demonstrates significant potential for monitoring Fe3+ in water-relevant matrices.
- The developed method offers a cost-effective and rapid approach for Fe3+ analysis, suitable for on-site applications.
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