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OpthaNet: Attention-Integrated Architecture for High-Precision Multi-Class Ophthalmic Image Classification.

Souhardo Rahman1, Md Nasif Safwan1, Mahamodul Hasan Mahadi1

  • 1Department of Computer Science American International University-Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh.

Healthcare Technology Letters
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compared deep learning models for classifying eye diseases like cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Optimized models showed significant accuracy improvements, demonstrating AI

Keywords:
deep learningdiabetic retinopathyefficientNeteye disease classificationtransfer learning

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmic diagnostics
  • Artificial intelligence in healthcare
  • Medical imaging analysis

Background:

  • Deep learning models, including CNNs and transformers, are increasingly used in ophthalmic diagnostics.
  • A direct comparison of these models for multi-class eye disease classification is limited.
  • High-performing systems often require substantial computational resources, posing challenges for practical screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the efficacy of pre-trained deep learning models for multi-class classification of cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.
  • To address practical bottlenecks in ophthalmic transfer learning, such as feature selectivity and overfitting with limited data.
  • To evaluate tailored modifications for EfficientNetB3, MobileNetV2, and Vision Transformer models.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of EfficientNetB3, MobileNetV2, and Vision Transformer models with specific customizations.
  • Implementation of an attention-enhanced feature refinement module and OpthaHead classifier for EfficientNetB3 and MobileNetV2.
  • Application of META customization to optimize the Vision Transformer model.
  • Training and validation using fundus images for multi-class classification of eye diseases.

Main Results:

  • Optimized EfficientNetB3 achieved 96.04% accuracy, a 10.84% improvement over baseline.
  • Optimized MobileNetV2 showed an 11.26% improvement, balancing accuracy and computational efficiency.
  • META-customized Vision Transformer performance increased by over 18%, indicating benefits of reduced complexity on limited medical data.

Conclusions:

  • AI-driven classification demonstrates strong performance for detecting common eye diseases.
  • Tailored model modifications can significantly enhance accuracy and efficiency in ophthalmic diagnostics.
  • AI tools hold substantial potential for early eye disease detection, improving clinical decisions and patient outcomes.