Ultrasound-driven sonodynamic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high malignancy, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Existing treatment still faces challenges such as insufficient precision, limited efficacy, and significant side effects, and there is an urgent need for developing novel therapies. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies by using ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers and generate reactive oxygen species. This review aims to establish a foundation and guide future investigations toward the clinical application of SDT in HCC management.