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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...

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Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

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Intracranial Lesion in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Mohammed Shakeel Sillat¹, Geeta Chacko², Lydia Jennifer³

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

|February 25, 2026

Summary

Central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosis is a rare fungal infection. Diagnosis in immunocompromised patients requires specific antigen tests and biopsy, leading to effective antifungal treatment and remission.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Mycology

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosis is a rare but severe fungal infection.
It often presents with symptoms mimicking other brain pathologies, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of CNS histoplasmosis in an immunocompromised patient.
To highlight diagnostic challenges and the efficacy of targeted therapy.

Main Methods:

Case report of a 22-year-old male with untreated cancer and neurological deficits.
Neuroimaging showing multifocal ring-enhancing lesions.
Diagnostic workup including cultures, molecular assays, urine antigen testing, and brain biopsy.

Main Results:

Initial evaluations were inconclusive, with negative cultures and molecular assays.
Diagnosis confirmed by positive urine Histoplasma antigen and fungal identification in brain biopsy.
Patient achieved complete clinical and radiological resolution with antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:

CNS histoplasmosis can present insidiously in immunocompromised individuals.
Urine antigen testing and biopsy are crucial for diagnosis when other methods fail.
Prompt antifungal treatment leads to favorable outcomes and sustained remission.