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Gut microbiome composition and function reflect socioeconomic deprivation.

Yu Lin1, Afroditi Kouraki2, Nathan J Cheetham1

  • 1Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.

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Summary

Socioeconomic deprivation impacts gut microbiome diversity and function, influencing metabolic and mental health. Specific bacteria mediate the link between deprivation and conditions like anxiety and diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Health disparities
  • Gut-brain axis

Background:

  • Socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to poor health outcomes.
  • Biological pathways connecting SES and health are not fully understood.
  • Area-level deprivation may affect the gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how area-level deprivation influences gut microbiome composition and function.
  • To determine if the gut microbiome mediates the impact of deprivation on metabolic and mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of shotgun metagenomes from 1390 females in the TwinsUK cohort.
  • Utilized the Townsend Deprivation Index to quantify area-level deprivation.
  • Statistical analyses to link deprivation, microbiome features, anxiety, and diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Higher deprivation correlated with reduced gut microbial alpha diversity and altered composition.
  • Specific microbial species and functional pathways were associated with deprivation.
  • Deprivation was linked to increased odds of anxiety and diabetes.
  • Intestinimonas massiliensis and Lawsonibacter sp_NSJ_51 partially mediated the association between deprivation and anxiety/diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic deprivation alters gut microbiome composition and function.
  • The gut microbiome plays a mediating role in health disparities linked to deprivation.
  • Findings highlight the microbiome as a potential target for interventions addressing SES-related health inequalities.