Vehicle Aerodynamic Noise: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Simulation Methods, and Bio-Inspired Mitigation...

Area of Science:

• Fluid mechanics and automotive engineering
• Bio-inspired design and noise reduction

Background:

• Aerodynamic noise is a primary concern in electric vehicles.
• Bridging fluid mechanics and automotive engineering is crucial for vehicle comfort.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review aerodynamic noise mechanisms and bionic control strategies.
• To synthesize recent advances in bio-inspired fluid-structure interactions for noise mitigation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
• Analysis of 90 studies (2016-2025) from major scientific databases.
• Critical examination of numerical prediction methods (LES, DES, LBM).

Main Results:

• Bionic riblet surfaces on tires reduce noise by up to 5.18 dB.
• Beetle-head-inspired protuberances on mirrors reduce noise by up to 10 dB.
• Bio-inspired strategies show significant aerodynamic noise suppression.

Conclusions:

• Bionic solutions offer substantial noise reduction in vehicles.
• Future research should focus on integrated simulation frameworks and adaptive bionic systems.
• Natural organisms provide a blueprint for high-performance, low-noise vehicle design.