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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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On Bio-Inspired Strategies for Flow Control, Fluid-Structure Interaction, and Thermal Transport.

Farid Ahmed1, Leonardo P Chamorro2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bio-inspired engineering uses nature's designs for fluid mechanics, structural dynamics, and thermal transport. This review unifies flow control, fluid-structure interaction, and heat transfer, revealing shared mechanisms for advanced applications.

Keywords:
bio-inspired engineeringbiomimeticsdrag reductionenergy harvestingflow controlfluid–structure interactionphase-change heat transfer

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Area of Science:

  • * Bio-inspired engineering and its application in fluid mechanics, structural dynamics, and thermal transport.
  • * Interdisciplinary review integrating flow control, fluid-structure interaction, and phase-change heat transfer.
  • * Focus on underlying physical mechanisms driving multifunctional performance in biological systems.

Background:

  • * Natural evolution offers refined principles for addressing complex engineering challenges.
  • * Traditional approaches often treat aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and thermal systems independently.
  • * Need for a unified framework to leverage bio-inspired strategies across diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a mechanism-driven review of recent advances in bio-inspired thermal-fluid systems.
  • * To emphasize shared physical principles linking flow control, fluid-structure interaction, and heat transfer.
  • * To identify challenges and opportunities for translating biological strategies into engineering solutions.

Main Methods:

  • * Critical narrative review of recent scientific literature.
  • * Integration of advances across three complementary domains: flow control, fluid-structure interaction, and phase-change heat transfer.
  • * Emphasis on underlying physical mechanisms rather than cataloging biological analogues.

Main Results:

  • * Identification of shared physical principles: multiscale geometry, capillary/vortex transport, compliance-enabled flow tuning.
  • * Demonstration of how these principles enable multifunctional performance in bio-inspired systems.
  • * Synthesis of insights revealing a unifying conceptual framework for thermal-fluid systems.

Conclusions:

  • * Bio-inspired engineering offers robust, multifunctional solutions for aerospace, energy, and thermal management.
  • * Persistent challenges include scaling, durability, and modeling coupled fluid-thermal-structural interactions.
  • * Future opportunities lie in hybrid designs, data-driven optimization, multiscale modeling, and advanced fabrication.