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Spiritual Intelligence: A Scoping Review with Concept Analysis on the Key to Spiritual Care
Cristina Teixeira Pinto1,2, Ângela Coelho1, Lúcia Guedes2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Journal of Intelligence
|February 26, 2026
Summary
Spiritual intelligence, defined by adaptive cognition and higher consciousness, positively influences health and personal growth. This study provides an evolutionary perspective on its core attributes like equanimity and life-wisdom.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Spiritual Care
Background:
- Spiritual intelligence lacks a comprehensive, updated definition.
- An evolutionary perspective is needed to understand its development and application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a concept analysis of spiritual intelligence using an evolutionary approach.
- To provide a comprehensive and updated definition of spiritual intelligence.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
- Concept analysis using Rodgers' Evolutionary Method.
- Searched PsycINFO, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science for "spiritual intelligence" up to December 2025.
Main Results:
- Spiritual intelligence encompasses adaptive cognition, higher consciousness, problem management, and personal growth.
- Antecedents include self-awareness and search for meaning; consequents include enhanced health and performance.
- Core attributes identified: equanimity, life-wisdom, transcendental awareness, and existential questioning.
Conclusions:
- Spiritual intelligence positively influences daily life, health, and professional practice.
- Equanimity and life-wisdom are identified as core attributes.
- Findings support training and integration of spiritual care in professional settings.
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