Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 26, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Second Language Learners' Cognitive Evaluation of GenAI Interactive Learning Experience: Scale Development and
Hanwei Wu1, Gurpinder Singh Lalli2, Yongliang Wang3
1Department of Foreign Languages, Basic Education College, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410072, China.
Abstract:
As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes increasingly integrated into second language (L2) learning, there is a growing need for reliable instruments to assess learners' cognitive evaluation of GenAI-mediated interactive learning experiences. This study developed and validated the GenAI L2 Interactive Learning Experience Scale (AI-L2-ILES) among 1130 Chinese university students. Drawing on an interactive experience perspective and adapting it to L2 learning, the study conceptualized learners' cognitive evaluation of GenAI interaction as comprising five dimensions: Effectiveness, Sociability, Novelty, Flow, and Seamlessness. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported this five-factor structure, with satisfactory evidence of reliability, validity, and measurement invariance across gender and academic disciplines. Network analysis further revealed that Flow was the most central dimension, Sociability showed the strongest association with Effectiveness, and Novelty occupied a relatively peripheral position. The network structure was stable across academic disciplines. Overall, the AI-L2-ILES provides a psychometrically sound measure of learners' cognitive evaluation of GenAI-mediated interactive L2 learning experiences and captures five distinct but interconnected dimensions of this emerging construct. The scale offers a useful tool for examining how L2 learners cognitively evaluate their interactions with GenAI.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Language Development
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Metacognition