Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

1.1K
Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
1.1K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

503
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
503
Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

3.6K
A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
3.6K
The R Chart01:02

The R Chart

447
In statistical process control, control charts, particularly R charts, are instrumental in monitoring process variations and identifying non-random patterns that run charts might miss. R charts track the variability within process subgroups, which is crucial when standard deviation use is impractical or unknown process variations exist.
R charts are pivotal for pinpointing shifts in process variability. Stability is indicated when all data points remain within the defined upper and lower...
447
Interpreting R Charts01:22

Interpreting R Charts

390
R chart, or range chart, is a fundamental tool in statistical process control used to monitor the variability within a process. It complements the X-bar (x̄) chart by focusing on the range of the data, rather than individual values, providing a clear picture of the process dispersion over time.
An R chart plots the range of subsets of measurements collected from a process. Each point on the chart represents the range—defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum...
390
Contaminants and Errors01:16

Contaminants and Errors

432
Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...
432

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Risk Ranking of Emerging Hazards in Fresh Produce and Cereal Grains under Climate Change using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA).

Journal of food protection·2026
Same author

A stochastic single-cell-based framework for MIC determination.

Journal of applied microbiology·2026
Same author

Microbiological safety of ungulates meat intended to be frozen and defrosting of frozen ungulates meat.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2026
Same author

Update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feeds as notified to EFSA.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2026
Same author

Update of the list of qualified presumption of safety (QPS) recommended microbiological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 23: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2025.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2026
Same author

Risk of infection of dairy cattle in the EU with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus affecting dairy cows in the United States of America (H5N1, Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b. genotype B3.13).

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·2025
Same journal

Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides promote physiological germination and metabolic reactivation of Bacillus cereus spores: Mechanisms and application in milk preservation.

International journal of food microbiology·2026
Same journal

Transcriptomics-guided mco overexpression enhances biogenic amine reduction by Lactobacillus sakei MDJ6 in vitro and in a dry sausage model.

International journal of food microbiology·2026
Same journal

Occurrence and characterization of Salmonella in a substrate-based CEA system: Genomic, phenotypic, and survival profiles of two serotypes.

International journal of food microbiology·2026
Same journal

Diversity and source-tracking of spoilage molds in bakery products using MALDI-TOF MS and molecular approaches.

International journal of food microbiology·2026
Same journal

Biocontrol effects of bacteria isolated from compost tea against postharvest disease of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

International journal of food microbiology·2026
Same journal

Bacteriostatic mechanisms of CO<sub>2</sub> against high-oxygen packaged meat-borne Pseudomonas fragi during chilled storage: Membrane physiological and microstructural changes.

International journal of food microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis
08:43

PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis

Published on: May 11, 2017

13.1K

Risk-benefit analysis of sampling plans in food processing facilities using the risk assessment framework.

Leonardos Stathas1, József Baranyi2, Konstantinos Koutsoumanis1

  • 1Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.

International Journal of Food Microbiology
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) shows that Salmonella spp. sampling in chicken patties offers minimal public health benefits. Increased sampling intensity leads to higher costs and food waste, with limited effectiveness in modern facilities.

Keywords:
Food safetyFood wasteMicrobiological criteriaOne healthPoultryPredictive microbiologyQuantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)SalmonellaSustainability

More Related Videos

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
05:47

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control

Published on: August 29, 2025

493
Tracking Microbial Contamination in Retail Environments Using Fluorescent Powder - A Retail Delicatessen Environment Example
05:49

Tracking Microbial Contamination in Retail Environments Using Fluorescent Powder - A Retail Delicatessen Environment Example

Published on: March 5, 2014

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis
08:43

PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis

Published on: May 11, 2017

13.1K
Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
05:47

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control

Published on: August 29, 2025

493
Tracking Microbial Contamination in Retail Environments Using Fluorescent Powder - A Retail Delicatessen Environment Example
05:49

Tracking Microbial Contamination in Retail Environments Using Fluorescent Powder - A Retail Delicatessen Environment Example

Published on: March 5, 2014

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Food safety microbiology
  • Quantitative risk assessment
  • Public health

Background:

  • Microbiological sampling plans are crucial for ensuring food safety, particularly for pathogens like Salmonella spp. in poultry products.
  • Current EU sampling criteria for Salmonella in chicken patties may not be optimally balanced against economic and environmental impacts.
  • Assessing the multifaceted implications of sampling plans requires integrated models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) model for evaluating Salmonella spp. sampling plans in chicken patties.
  • To assess the public health, economic, and environmental consequences of varying sampling intensities.
  • To provide a framework for risk-benefit and sustainability assessments of food safety interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A farm-to-fork QMRA model was developed, incorporating production, processing, storage, cooking, and consumption stages.
  • A sampling algorithm simulated batch-level testing under current EU criteria and alternative intensities.
  • Dose-response models quantified expected salmonellosis cases, while economic and environmental impacts were calculated based on testing costs, batch rejection, and food waste.

Main Results:

  • Microbiological sampling provided only modest reductions in illness risk across evaluated scenarios.
  • Negligible risk reductions were observed within practical sampling ranges (n=0-10), with increasing economic costs and food waste.
  • Higher sampling levels (n≥30) yielded limited public health gains relative to escalating costs; effectiveness varied based on system contamination levels.

Conclusions:

  • The effectiveness of Salmonella spp. sampling in chicken patties is context-dependent and offers limited public health benefits relative to costs.
  • Current sampling strategies may not be cost-effective or environmentally sustainable, especially in low-contamination systems.
  • Risk-based optimization within One Health frameworks is recommended for more effective food safety decision-making.