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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

9
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:40

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

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Introduction
Analogous to alkenes, alkynes also undergo acid-catalyzed hydration. While the addition of water to an alkene gives an alcohol, hydration of alkynes produces different products such as aldehydes and ketones.
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Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

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The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
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Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage02:01

Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage

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Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...
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Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

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Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Structurally disordered CoSx-Co(OH)2 heterointerface for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Yulong Dai1, Qinshan Tang1, Yuanxiao Hu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel disordered cobalt sulfide/hydroxide heterostructure catalyst on copper foam significantly enhances hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics in alkaline media. This cost-effective, durable catalyst shows practical feasibility for alkaline electrolyzers.

Keywords:
CoS(x)-Co(OH)(2)ElectrodepositionHeterointerface engineeringHydrogen evolution reactionStructurally disorderedZero-gap electrolyzer

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is slower in alkaline than acidic media, necessitating advanced electrocatalysts.
  • Structurally disordered heterostructure nanomaterials offer synergistic advantages of disordered and composite materials.
  • Cobalt-based materials are cost-effective alternatives to precious metals for catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance, durable, and cost-effective electrocatalyst for alkaline HER.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of a disordered cobalt sulfide/hydroxide heterostructure (CoSx-Co(OH)2) on catalytic activity.
  • To evaluate the practical feasibility of the developed catalyst in alkaline water electrolyzers.

Main Methods:

  • In situ electrodeposition of CoSx-Co(OH)2 heterostructure onto a 3D microporous copper foam (CF) skeleton.
  • Electrochemical characterization including half-cell HER tests and Tafel slope analysis.
  • Durability testing over 1000 cycles and 500 hours of continuous operation.
  • Fabrication and testing of a compact zero-gap alkaline electrolyzer.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The CoSx-Co(OH)2/CF catalyst achieved a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 88 mV vs. RHE in 1 M KOH.
  • The catalyst exhibited a favorable Tafel slope of 81.1 mV dec⁻¹, low charge-transfer resistance, and an enlarged electrochemically active surface area.
  • Exceptional durability was demonstrated over 1000 cycles and 500 hours, with stable electrolyzer operation at 500 mA cm⁻² for ~240 hours.
  • DFT calculations revealed a built-in electric field at the heterointerface facilitating electron transport and optimizing hydrogen adsorption/desorption.

Conclusions:

  • The structurally disordered CoSx-Co(OH)2 heterostructure on CF provides a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for alkaline HER.
  • The synergistic effects at the heterointerface, including enhanced water dissociation and H* conversion, significantly boost catalytic kinetics.
  • The catalyst demonstrates practical feasibility for efficient and durable alkaline water electrolysis, offering a promising non-precious metal alternative.