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IronDeficiency Across Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Comparative Insights from ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Lourdes M DelRosso1, Lilliana Estrada Chaverri2, Fernando Alberto Ceballos Fuentes3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iron deficiency impacts brain development and function, potentially affecting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Supplementation may improve symptoms in both conditions.

Keywords:
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderiron deficiencyneurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Psychiatry

Background:

  • Iron is vital for neurotransmitter synthesis, myelination, and neuronal metabolism.
  • Iron deficiency is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and ASD, but with varying impacts.
  • Understanding these differences is key for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on iron deficiency prevalence, neurobehavioral effects, and treatment in ADHD and ASD.
  • To identify commonalities and distinctions between the two disorders.
  • To inform clinical practice and future research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of studies using peripheral markers (e.g., serum ferritin).
  • Inclusion of neuroimaging findings on brain iron levels.

Main Results:

  • ADHD: Inconsistent associations between peripheral iron markers and symptom severity; neuroimaging shows reduced brain iron in key areas.
  • ASD: Strongest link between low iron and sleep/motor disturbances; supplementation shows potential benefits.
  • Iron deficiency screening and supplementation may offer therapeutic benefits for both ADHD and ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Iron deficiency screening and targeted supplementation are recommended for ADHD and ASD patients.
  • Potential to improve sleep and behavioral outcomes.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm efficacy.