Progress and Perspectives on Heat Transfer Design Optimization of Functionally Graded Materials Under Large...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Thermal Engineering
• Computational Mechanics

Background:

• Extreme temperature gradients in aerospace, energy, and microelectronics demand advanced material solutions.
• Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) exhibit continuous property variations, enabling effective heat transfer regulation and stress mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review recent advancements in heat transfer design optimization for FGMs under severe temperature gradients.
• To consolidate knowledge on methodologies, numerical techniques, applications, challenges, and future research in FGM thermal optimization.

Main Methods:

• Review of structural, compositional, topology, and multi-objective optimization strategies.
• Discussion of numerical simulation techniques including Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Volume Method (FVM), peridynamics, isogeometric analysis, and meshfree methods.
• Emphasis on multiphysics coupling in numerical simulations.

Main Results:

• Identification of key advancements in FGM optimization methodologies and numerical simulation techniques.
• Overview of FGM applications in electronic thermal management, aerospace, energy systems, and building energy conservation.
• Pinpointing current challenges such as idealized modeling, multi-objective coordination, and reliability evaluation.

Conclusions:

• FGMs are critical for managing heat transfer in demanding applications.
• Future research should focus on intelligent design, multiscale modeling, advanced manufacturing, and multifunctional integration for enhanced FGM performance.
• This review serves as a comprehensive reference for FGM heat transfer optimization research and engineering.