Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: June 25, 2019
Working Memory and Breadth of Vocabulary Knowledge in Foreign Language Young Learners: A Cross-Lagged Panel Design
1Faculty of Languages and Translation, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau.
None:
The connection between working memory (WM) and the breadth of vocabulary knowledge (BVK) in foreign language young learners remains underexplored, particularly with respect to how these constructs co-develop across the primary school years. Although growth in WM has been linked to early gains in BVK, the directionality and temporal dynamics of their association are not well understood. Utilizing a cross-lagged panel design, this study tracked the development of WM and BVK in 158 young learners from grade 1 to grade 5. Results unveiled lagged associations between WM and BVK, suggesting that working memory serves as a valuable indicator for future BVK acquisition, while also indicating that accumulated BVK may, in turn, exert an influence on WM. These findings highlight a complex, bi-directional relationship between WM and BVK throughout primary school students' formative years, in line with the transactional model.
More Related Videos
05:15The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
Published on: February 19, 2018
09:05Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
Published on: June 12, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Language and Cognition
Working Memory
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language Development
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Information Processing Approach
Long-Term Memory
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...