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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Quantifying the Brain Metastatic Tumor Micro-Environment using an Organ-On-A Chip 3D Model, Machine Learning, and Confocal Tomography
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Millimeter-scale, high-density three-dimensional constructs recapitulate hot and cold tumor microenvironment.

Kazuki Yokota1, Nobutaka Yasuma1, Peizheng Wu1

  • 1Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed advanced 3D tumor models that mimic the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). These models accurately replicate tumor features, aiding cancer research and drug discovery.

Keywords:
High cell densityHot/cold tumorMillimeter scaleTumor constructTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment Research

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) critically influences cancer progression, immune evasion, and treatment resistance.
  • Understanding TME dynamics is vital for improving patient outcomes and developing effective therapies.
  • Existing in vitro models often fail to capture the TME's complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a sophisticated in vitro 3D tumor model that recapitulates the in vivo TME.
  • To provide a biomimetic platform for studying complex tumor ecosystems and facilitating drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered millimeter-scale, high-density 3D tumor constructs.
  • Incorporated reciprocal crosstalk between cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
  • Integrated a hierarchical vascular network with venous and capillary-like structures.

Main Results:

  • The 3D constructs successfully mimicked the architectural and functional hallmarks of the in vivo TME.
  • Demonstrated induced differentiation of CAFs and TAMs through cancer cell interactions.
  • Successfully modeled distinct 'hot' and 'cold' tumor immunophenotypes.
  • Replicated a hierarchical vascular network within the tumor model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D tumor construct serves as a robust and accurate in vitro model of the in vivo TME.
  • This platform has significant potential to advance cancer research, particularly in understanding tumor ecosystems and accelerating drug discovery.