Coyotes Choose Cover Over Concrete When Selecting Den Sites

Animal decision-making directly impacts survival and reproductive success, particularly for reproductive habitat specialists (e.g., denning species) in highly dynamic environments. Despite the widespread and increasing distribution of coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban areas, little research has focused on how they select urban den sites. In this study, we investigated den structure and site selection of coyotes in Atlanta, Georgia. From January to April of 2022-2024, we GPS collared 48 coyotes and located 20 dens in April of 2022-2025. We measured the physical characteristics of dens and categorized structure type as anthropogenic or natural. We used a 3rd-order resource selection analysis to assess impacts of impervious surface (%), distance to buildings, and distance to cover habitat on den site selection. We found that approximately half of the dens were located in anthropogenic structures, which coyotes appeared to use opportunistically for concealment and protection. We also identified strong selection for cover habitat and avoidance of impervious surfaces by coyotes for den sites. Our findings indicate that coyotes in Atlanta avoid areas with high human infrastructure, select areas with cover, and show flexibility in structure use allowing them to safeguard dens. While this showcases the adaptability of coyotes when making complex reproductive decisions, it also highlights the potential population level impacts increased urbanization and land conversion may have on urban wildlife.