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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Inhalable Respiratory Driven Penetration of Porous Microsphere-Based Mucosal Vaccine for Long-Term Immune Protection.

Zhisheng Xiao1,2,3, Zhiqiang Wu1, Qiaofeng Li2

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

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A novel inhalable porous microsphere (pMS) vaccine offers durable lung immunity with a single dose. This innovative vaccine platform demonstrates long-term protection against lung tumor metastasis and holds potential for various lung diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Inhalable mucosal vaccines offer non-invasive delivery but face challenges from lung barriers like mucociliary clearance and phagocytosis, often requiring multiple doses.
  • Existing vaccine strategies struggle with efficient antigen delivery and sustained immune response in the lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative inhalable porous microsphere (pMS) vaccine platform for non-invasive, long-lasting mucosal immunity in the lungs.
  • To overcome lung barriers and enhance vaccine efficacy through a dual-scale microsphere design.

Main Methods:

  • Developed inhalable porous microspheres (pMS) with specific aerodynamic and geometric sizes for deep lung deposition and evasion of phagocytosis.
  • Utilized a single Food and Drug Administration-approved material for vaccine formulation.
  • Investigated the penetration, antigen/adjuvant release, and immune response induction following a single inhalation in preclinical models.

Main Results:

  • A single inhalation of the pMS vaccine induced durable mucosal immunity, maintaining high IgG and IgA levels for one year.
  • The vaccine enhanced tissue-resident memory T cells in the lung and promoted germinal center expansion.
  • Demonstrated significant long-term protective efficacy against lung tumor metastasis and therapeutic potential in various preclinical lung cancer models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed pMS vaccine platform provides a single-dose, non-invasive strategy for achieving long-term lung immunity and protection against metastasis.
  • The platform is scalable, stable, and clinically translatable, offering a versatile therapeutic approach for diverse lung-related diseases.
  • This innovative vaccine technology addresses key challenges in lung drug delivery and immunotherapy.